Encyclopedia Category
Coffee Varietals & Cultivars
Coffee varietals and cultivars are the cultivated varieties of the coffee plant. Within Arabica, varieties like Bourbon, Typica, Gesha, and Caturra each carry distinct flavors, growth habits, and disease resistance. This category explains coffee genetics and why variety matters to the cup.
The Arabica Lineage
Most specialty coffee is Arabica, descended from ancient Ethiopian varieties. The two foundational lineages are Typica and Bourbon, which gave rise to most varieties grown today, including Caturra, Catuai, and Gesha.
Varieties differ in yield, disease resistance, and flavor. Some, like Gesha, are prized for extraordinary aromatics; others, like Catimor hybrids, are bred for leaf-rust resistance.
Why Varieties Matter
A variety sets the potential flavor ceiling, but farm elevation, processing, and roasting decide how much of that potential reaches the cup. The same Gesha grown at two elevations can taste completely different.
Understanding varieties helps you predict the character of a coffee before you brew it and appreciate the grower's choices.
All Varietals & Cultivars Articles
Browse every encyclopedia entry in this category.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a variety and a cultivar?
A variety occurs naturally while a cultivar is deliberately cultivated, but the terms are used loosely in coffee. Both describe cultivated forms of the coffee plant.
What is Bourbon coffee?
Bourbon is a key Arabica lineage descended from Typica, prized for sweetness and complexity. It gave rise to many varieties including Caturra and Catuai.
What is Gesha coffee?
Gesha is an Arabica variety originating from Ethiopia, grown famously in Panama, prized for intense floral and citrus aromatics and a tea-like body.
What is the difference between Arabica and Robusta?
Arabica is smoother, more aromatic, and more acidic, while Robusta is bolder, more bitter, and has about twice the caffeine. Arabica dominates specialty coffee.
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